West African Empires: Study Guide
Empire of Ghana
1. Why was salt highly valued?
It used to preserve food, made food tasty and diet.
2. What was good about the location of the Ghana Empire for trade?
Good position - region's most valueble resources - gold and salt.
3. What is silent barter?
A process in which people exchange goods without ever contacting each other directly.
4.How did Ghana’s rulers raise money and what did the money pay for? P. 133
· Strong armies to protect traders.
· Gold and Salt Trade.
Empire of Mali
1. After conquering Ghana, on what did the king of Mali focus?
Took over the salt and gold trade.
2. To what religion did Mansa Musa belong?
Islam
3. Describe what effect Mana Musa’s hajj had on the world’s knowing about Mali:
Mali's wealth and power world famous.
4. Name three ways Mansa Musa spread his religion throughout Mali?
· Build moques
· Arabic
· Learing of Qur'an
Empire of Songhai
1. What religion did the Songhai practice?
Islam
2. Describe one way that Askia the Great was like Mansa Musa?
· Muslim
· Supported eduacation
· pilgrimage to Mecca 3. Why did the Moroccan army invade Songhai?
To get the salt mines, they used arquebus. Historical and Artistic Traditions Key Terms and People:
Oral history = A spoken record of past events.
Griots = West African storytellers.
Proverbs = Short saying of wisdom or truth.
Kente = A hand-woven brightly colored fabric.
1. Why do you think griots are so valued in West African society?
People in West Africa were very interested in the deeds.
2. What did West African masks represent and when were they worn?
·Faces of animals
· Rituals
· Special holidays 3. Why were music and dance so important in West Africa?
· Visal art
· History
· Celebration
· Funerals
March 26, 2008
March 17, 2008
The Spread of Islam: Study Guide
The Spread of Islam: Study Guide
Conquest and trade led to the spread of Islam and the blend of cultures
Key Terms and People:
Abu Bakr = Muslims leader after Muhammad's death
Caliph = A title that Muslims use for the highest leader
Tolerance = Acceptance
1. How did the Muslims conquer other lands?
Battles
2. How did Arab merchants spread Islam?
They trade.
3. What is religious tolerance? Did the Muslims practice it? P.83
religious tolerance = contact with people had different religious.
Yes, Muslims didpractice it.
Arabic
·Center of learning
After the early spread of Islam, three large Islamic Empires formed – the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal.
Key Terms and People:
Mehmed II (p. 89) = Ottoman's leader
Shia (p. 90) = Muslims who thought that onnly mombers of Mahammad's family could become caliphs
Sunni (p. 90) Don't think caliphs had to be relate to Muhammad as long as they were good Muslins and strong leaders
he used huge cannons.
Persion and Muslims.
India.
A monumetal engineering feat.
A beautiful Tomb built for an emperor's wife.
Key Terms and People:
Ibn Battutah = A person who traveled ti Africa, India, China, Spain
Minaret = Narrow tower from which Muslims are called prayer
Calligraphy = Decorative writing
Invented algebra
Conquest and trade led to the spread of Islam and the blend of cultures
Key Terms and People:
Abu Bakr = Muslims leader after Muhammad's death
Caliph = A title that Muslims use for the highest leader
Tolerance = Acceptance
1. How did the Muslims conquer other lands?
Battles
2. How did Arab merchants spread Islam?
They trade.
3. What is religious tolerance? Did the Muslims practice it? P.83
religious tolerance = contact with people had different religious.
Yes, Muslims didpractice it.
4. What language was important to the spread of Islam? P. 83
Arabic
5. How are Baghdad and Cordoba similar? P. 84
·Center of learning
After the early spread of Islam, three large Islamic Empires formed – the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal.
Key Terms and People:
Mehmed II (p. 89) = Ottoman's leader
Shia (p. 90) = Muslims who thought that onnly mombers of Mahammad's family could become caliphs
Sunni (p. 90) Don't think caliphs had to be relate to Muhammad as long as they were good Muslins and strong leaders
1. How was Mehmed II able to conquer Constantinople?
he used huge cannons.
2. What two cultural traditions did the Safavid Empire blend?
Persion and Muslims.
3. What country did the Mughal Empire occupy?
India.
4. What is the Taj Mahal?
A monumetal engineering feat.
A beautiful Tomb built for an emperor's wife.
Muslim scholars and artists made contributions to science, art, mathematics, and literature.
Key Terms and People:
Ibn Battutah = A person who traveled ti Africa, India, China, Spain
Minaret = Narrow tower from which Muslims are called prayer
Calligraphy = Decorative writing
1. What contribution to mathematics did al-Khwarrizmi make?
Invented algebra
The Rise of Islam: Study Guide
The Rise of Islam: Study Guide
"Life in Arabic was influenced by the harsh desert climate of the region" Key Terms:
sand dunes = Hills of sand shaped by the wind
oasis = A wet, fertile area in a desert
sedentary = settled
caravan = A group of trader that travel together
souk = A market or bazaar
Be able to describe:
1. Where is the Arabic Peninsula?
Southwest corner of Asia.
2. Why do geographers call Arabic a "crossroads" location?
Many trade routes cross Arabic.
3. How did trade affect Arabia's culture?
It brought many different people, product and ideas.
"Muhammad introduced a major world religion called Islam"
Key Terms:
Muhammad = The person who start Islam
Islam = The massager Muhammad received form the basis of religion
Muslim = The follower of Islam
Qur'an = The holy book of Islam
Allah = God that Muslim believed
Shrine = A place at which people worship a saint or a god
pilgrimage = a journey to a sacred place
mosque = Building for Muslim prayer
1. Briefly describe two reasons why Muhammad's teaching challenged old ideas
·Polytheism - belief in one God
·Life after death 2. Describe two ways that Islam, Judaism and Christianity are similar
·Begin place - southwest Asia
·Teach - kindness to follow people are belief in one God 3. Why did Muhammad and his followers have to leave Mecca and go to Medina?
Muhammad was threatened to be killed. 4. Describe two things that happened upon his return to Mecca
·Destroyed tribal idols
·Forgive the people on Mecca who threatened him "The Qur'an and the Sunnah guide Muslims in their beliefs, behavior, and laws" Key Terms:
jihad = To make an effort, or to struggle
Sunnah = refers to the way Muhammad lived, which provides a model for the duties and the way of life expected of Muslim
Five Pillar of Islam = Five acts of worship required of all Muslims
Five Pillar of Islam = Five acts of worship required of all Muslims
Shariah = Islamic law, based on interpretations on the Qur'an and Sunnah
1. What is the central teaching of the Qur’an?
Only one god - Allah and Muhammad is his prophet 2. Be able to name at least two guidelines for Muslim behavior
·No pork
·No gamble
·No liquor
3. Be able to list the Five Pillars of Islam
·Profession of faith
·Daily worship
·Giving to charity
·Fasting
·Hajj(Pilgrimage)
Life in Medieval Towns: Study Guide
Life in Medieval Towns: Study Guide
Consult your Reading Notes and Map and answer the following questions:
1. What were two reason that town began to grow again in the High Middle Ages?
· Improved in agriculture = grow more food
· Revival of trade = growth of trade
2. What geographic feature did most towns developed near? Why?
Grew by waterways for example: ocean or river or lakes.
3. Describe the benefits in the trade production of goods.
· Organization of people.
· Provide help and protection to their members.
· High quality (standards)
4. 1. What class of people prospered the most in Hugh Middle Ages towns? 2. What type of political power did it bring them?
1. Merchants were the most prosperous. (Trade)
2. Merchants sat on town councils: (government of a town)
5. What types of goods were produced in medieval towns?
· silk
· glass
· wool 6. Compare and contrast the homes of the poor versus the wealthy in medieval towns?
Poor Wealthy
Many families share 1 house. Splendid (beautiful) homes.
(only 1 room, were they cook, Each house had many stories.
ate and slept.) Eat, slept and servants on own story.
same:both were cold ,smoky and damp.
7. Compare the living condition, diseases, and medical treatment of a Middle Age town to today?
· Living Condition Diseases Medical Treatment
· Dirty Bubonic Plague Leeches
· Unhealthy Leprosy Star
· Unclean water Herbs
8. What did people do for fun in medieval towns?
· Children played with dolls and toys
· Rolled hoops
· Adult like chess and checkers
· Dance
Consult your Reading Notes and Map and answer the following questions:
1. What were two reason that town began to grow again in the High Middle Ages?
· Improved in agriculture = grow more food
· Revival of trade = growth of trade
2. What geographic feature did most towns developed near? Why?
Grew by waterways for example: ocean or river or lakes.
3. Describe the benefits in the trade production of goods.
· Organization of people.
· Provide help and protection to their members.
· High quality (standards)
4. 1. What class of people prospered the most in Hugh Middle Ages towns? 2. What type of political power did it bring them?
1. Merchants were the most prosperous. (Trade)
2. Merchants sat on town councils: (government of a town)
5. What types of goods were produced in medieval towns?
· silk
· glass
· wool 6. Compare and contrast the homes of the poor versus the wealthy in medieval towns?
Poor Wealthy
Many families share 1 house. Splendid (beautiful) homes.
(only 1 room, were they cook, Each house had many stories.
ate and slept.) Eat, slept and servants on own story.
same:both were cold ,smoky and damp.
7. Compare the living condition, diseases, and medical treatment of a Middle Age town to today?
· Living Condition Diseases Medical Treatment
· Dirty Bubonic Plague Leeches
· Unhealthy Leprosy Star
· Unclean water Herbs
8. What did people do for fun in medieval towns?
· Children played with dolls and toys
· Rolled hoops
· Adult like chess and checkers
· Dance
The Byzantine Empire: Study Guide
Key Terms:
Byzantine Empire = The society that devoloped in the eastern Roman Empire after the west fell
Corruption = The decay of people's value
Justinian = An emporor ruled from 527 to 565, reuniting rhe empire was a passtion Please answer the following questions below by researching the answers from the reading:
6.2 Constantinople
Why Constantinople was ideally located to be the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
· Near sea = good for trade
· Surrounded by water on three sides so it was easy to defend
What were some details about Constantinople that are interesting and important in your opinion?
· Cites language & culture was Greek
· Had chariot races in the hippodrome
· Despite it was rich city, many people were poor
6.3 The Reign of Justinian I
1. What event forced Justinian to start rebuilding parts of Constantinople?
Revolt and rioting against Justinian.
2. Describe how was Justinian's Code came to be:
He took Roman laws and revised old (bad) laws, took good laws and made Justinian code.
3. How has Justinian’s Code affected the modern world?
It became the basis for many legal codes in the western world.
6.4 The Eastern Orthodox Church
1. What was the relationship between religion and government in the Byzantine Empire?
The emperor is not just the head of government, but also the living representatives of God in the church. (head)
2. What language was the Orthodox liturgy conducted in and why?
Conducted in Greek or in the local language of the people.
3. How does the architecture of the church reflect Orthodox views?
Dome = Heaven
Base = Earth
Decoration = could be like in God's kingdom
6.5 Conflict between East and West
1.Why did Byzantine emperor Leo III forbid the use of icons in 730 C.E.?
· Because he believed that people might be worshipping.
· The icon, instead of Jesus and God.
2. How did the Pope react to Leo's order?
So the Pope excommunicates emperor Leo.
3. How did the relationship between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church change in 1054?
Roman Catholic Church V.S. Eastern Orthodox ChurchLatin Schism Greek
No iconoclasm (splits) Yes iconoclasm
Key Terms:
Byzantine Empire = The society that devoloped in the eastern Roman Empire after the west fell
Corruption = The decay of people's value
Justinian = An emporor ruled from 527 to 565, reuniting rhe empire was a passtion Please answer the following questions below by researching the answers from the reading:
6.2 Constantinople
Why Constantinople was ideally located to be the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
· Near sea = good for trade
· Surrounded by water on three sides so it was easy to defend
What were some details about Constantinople that are interesting and important in your opinion?
· Cites language & culture was Greek
· Had chariot races in the hippodrome
· Despite it was rich city, many people were poor
6.3 The Reign of Justinian I
1. What event forced Justinian to start rebuilding parts of Constantinople?
Revolt and rioting against Justinian.
2. Describe how was Justinian's Code came to be:
He took Roman laws and revised old (bad) laws, took good laws and made Justinian code.
3. How has Justinian’s Code affected the modern world?
It became the basis for many legal codes in the western world.
6.4 The Eastern Orthodox Church
1. What was the relationship between religion and government in the Byzantine Empire?
The emperor is not just the head of government, but also the living representatives of God in the church. (head)
2. What language was the Orthodox liturgy conducted in and why?
Conducted in Greek or in the local language of the people.
3. How does the architecture of the church reflect Orthodox views?
Dome = Heaven
Base = Earth
Decoration = could be like in God's kingdom
6.5 Conflict between East and West
1.Why did Byzantine emperor Leo III forbid the use of icons in 730 C.E.?
· Because he believed that people might be worshipping.
· The icon, instead of Jesus and God.
2. How did the Pope react to Leo's order?
So the Pope excommunicates emperor Leo.
3. How did the relationship between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church change in 1054?
Roman Catholic Church V.S. Eastern Orthodox ChurchLatin Schism Greek
No iconoclasm (splits) Yes iconoclasm
March 15, 2008
Decline of Feudalism Study Guide
Decline of Feudalism Study Guide
Key Terms:
Magna Carta = A document listing rights that the king could not ignore
Bubonic Plague = A deadly plague that swept throght Europe Between 1347 and 1351
Hundred Years' War = A long conflict between England and France that came to be
Consult your reading and answer the following questions:
I. The Signing of the Magna Carta
1. What changes did the Magna Carta Bring about in English government?
· Protected rights of nobles
· King can not put free men in jail without a trial (court)
· King's power is limited (lose power)
· Noble's power in government increased
2. What ideas did the Magna Carta establish? (p. 55)
· Idea of rights that ever a king can't takes away
· King can't put free men in the jail without a trial (court)
II. The Bubonic Plague
1. What areas of the world were affected by the spread of the plague in the 14th century? (p. 56)
Europe & Asia (Trade)
2. Why was the plague called the Black Death? (p. 56)
People got Black & Blue blotches on their bodies.
3. How was the plague spread? (p. 56)
Trade boats from Asia → (to) Europe and the carried rats which had fleas which carried the plague.
4. Approximately how much of the European population died as a result of the plague?
24 million of people = 1/3 of the people
5. How did the plague affect nobles? Workers? The feudal system? (p. 57)
· Nobles : Shift in power from nobles to commoner (worker)
· Workers : A lot of people died , So they could get better job & more money.
· feudal system : System changed commoner (worker) power↑ & nobles power↓
III. The Hundred Years' War
1. How did the Hundred Years' War start?
France & English fought over land. (in France)
2. Why were the English able to defeat the French in early battles, such as the one at Crecy?
Because the English army has a better bow → The long bow (file father , easy to learn.)
3. Who was Joan of Arc? What did she do for the French during the Hundred Years' War?
· A 17-year-old French peasant girl.
· She claimed she heard saints voices tell her France would win battle.
· She led France army to victory in battle.
4. How did the war contribute to the decline of feudalism?
The power shifted from lords to kings and commoners.
Why?
· Because peasants started becoming soldiers in the army.
· Changed in military technology (like the long bow) made the knights less useful.
Key Terms:
Magna Carta = A document listing rights that the king could not ignore
Bubonic Plague = A deadly plague that swept throght Europe Between 1347 and 1351
Hundred Years' War = A long conflict between England and France that came to be
Consult your reading and answer the following questions:
I. The Signing of the Magna Carta
1. What changes did the Magna Carta Bring about in English government?
· Protected rights of nobles
· King can not put free men in jail without a trial (court)
· King's power is limited (lose power)
· Noble's power in government increased
2. What ideas did the Magna Carta establish? (p. 55)
· Idea of rights that ever a king can't takes away
· King can't put free men in the jail without a trial (court)
II. The Bubonic Plague
1. What areas of the world were affected by the spread of the plague in the 14th century? (p. 56)
Europe & Asia (Trade)
2. Why was the plague called the Black Death? (p. 56)
People got Black & Blue blotches on their bodies.
3. How was the plague spread? (p. 56)
Trade boats from Asia → (to) Europe and the carried rats which had fleas which carried the plague.
4. Approximately how much of the European population died as a result of the plague?
24 million of people = 1/3 of the people
5. How did the plague affect nobles? Workers? The feudal system? (p. 57)
· Nobles : Shift in power from nobles to commoner (worker)
· Workers : A lot of people died , So they could get better job & more money.
· feudal system : System changed commoner (worker) power↑ & nobles power↓
III. The Hundred Years' War
1. How did the Hundred Years' War start?
France & English fought over land. (in France)
2. Why were the English able to defeat the French in early battles, such as the one at Crecy?
Because the English army has a better bow → The long bow (file father , easy to learn.)
3. Who was Joan of Arc? What did she do for the French during the Hundred Years' War?
· A 17-year-old French peasant girl.
· She claimed she heard saints voices tell her France would win battle.
· She led France army to victory in battle.
4. How did the war contribute to the decline of feudalism?
The power shifted from lords to kings and commoners.
Why?
· Because peasants started becoming soldiers in the army.
· Changed in military technology (like the long bow) made the knights less useful.
The Development of Feudalism: Study Guide
The Development of Feudalism: Study Guide
Key Terms:
Barbarian = The person who belong to a tribe or group that is considered uncivilized
Charlemagne = King of the Franks, he was brilliant warrior and strong leader. He was crowned Emperor of Roman in 800
Chivalry = European called their code of honorable behavior for knights
Christianity = The religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ
Clovis = Frankish king, he built a huge kingdom in Gaul
Divine right of kings = The belief that God gives monarchs the right to rule
Duke = The highest type of European noble, ranking just below a prince
Feudalism = Historians call this system of promises that governed the relationship between lords and vassals
Hierarchy = A system of organizing people into ranks, with those higher ranks
Knights = Warrior who fought on horseback
Lord = A ruler of a powerful land holder
Moat = A deep, wide ditch, often filled with water
Monarch = A ruler, such as a king or queen
Noble = A person of high ranks by birth or title
Peasants = Who worked the land
Roman Catholic Church = The Christian's Church eaded by the pope in Rome
Serf = Workers who were tied to the land on which they lived
Consult your Reading Notes and answer the following questions:
1.Why did feudalism develop in Western Europe?
The Roman Empire collapsed, life was dangerous and difficult. So people needed protection; land to work on to eat.
2.How did Clovis and Charlemagne help spread Christianity?
· Clovis-king of Franks became a Christian and many of his people became Christian too.
· Charlemagne-king of Franks unified many countries and made them Christian in Europe.
3.How did feudalism work?
Feudalism system was a system of relationships that provided protection and order.
4.What social classes existed within the feudal system? Describe each class.
Monarch:
Monarch kept order and supplied to their vassals.
Lords & Ladies:
Responsible for managing and defending their manors and acting as judges. They fought for their lords in time of war, and supplied soldiers.
Knights:
Soldiers in the feudal system and were expected to be loyal to their church and lords, to be fair, and to protect their helper.
Peasants:
Worker at raising crops and tending livestock worked as carpenters, shoemaker, and smiths.
Peasants paid taxes to lards.
5.How did monarchs justify their power?
The king have the “Divine Right of Kings” god said so.
6.Describe the differences in the daily lives of lords, ladies, knights, and peasants.
Lords:
· Manage his land.
· Defend his land.
Ladies:
· Raised children.
· Overseeing households.
Knights:
· Protect King/Lord/Peasants.
· Practice fighting.
Peasants:
· Raised crops.
· Tend to livestock
Key Terms:
Barbarian = The person who belong to a tribe or group that is considered uncivilized
Charlemagne = King of the Franks, he was brilliant warrior and strong leader. He was crowned Emperor of Roman in 800
Chivalry = European called their code of honorable behavior for knights
Christianity = The religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ
Clovis = Frankish king, he built a huge kingdom in Gaul
Divine right of kings = The belief that God gives monarchs the right to rule
Duke = The highest type of European noble, ranking just below a prince
Feudalism = Historians call this system of promises that governed the relationship between lords and vassals
Hierarchy = A system of organizing people into ranks, with those higher ranks
Knights = Warrior who fought on horseback
Lord = A ruler of a powerful land holder
Moat = A deep, wide ditch, often filled with water
Monarch = A ruler, such as a king or queen
Noble = A person of high ranks by birth or title
Peasants = Who worked the land
Roman Catholic Church = The Christian's Church eaded by the pope in Rome
Serf = Workers who were tied to the land on which they lived
Consult your Reading Notes and answer the following questions:
1.Why did feudalism develop in Western Europe?
The Roman Empire collapsed, life was dangerous and difficult. So people needed protection; land to work on to eat.
2.How did Clovis and Charlemagne help spread Christianity?
· Clovis-king of Franks became a Christian and many of his people became Christian too.
· Charlemagne-king of Franks unified many countries and made them Christian in Europe.
3.How did feudalism work?
Feudalism system was a system of relationships that provided protection and order.
4.What social classes existed within the feudal system? Describe each class.
Monarch:
Monarch kept order and supplied to their vassals.
Lords & Ladies:
Responsible for managing and defending their manors and acting as judges. They fought for their lords in time of war, and supplied soldiers.
Knights:
Soldiers in the feudal system and were expected to be loyal to their church and lords, to be fair, and to protect their helper.
Peasants:
Worker at raising crops and tending livestock worked as carpenters, shoemaker, and smiths.
Peasants paid taxes to lards.
5.How did monarchs justify their power?
The king have the “Divine Right of Kings” god said so.
6.Describe the differences in the daily lives of lords, ladies, knights, and peasants.
Lords:
· Manage his land.
· Defend his land.
Ladies:
· Raised children.
· Overseeing households.
Knights:
· Protect King/Lord/Peasants.
· Practice fighting.
Peasants:
· Raised crops.
· Tend to livestock
Roman Empire: Study Guide
Roman Empire: Study Guide
Key Terms:
C.E. = Common Era
B.C.E. = Before Common Era
Constantine = Capital of Roman Empire
Mural = A painting on a wall
Mosaic = A picture made up of small pieces
Vault = An arched structure used to hold up a ceiling or a roof
Dome = A roof shaped like a half-circle or hemisphere
Cathedral = A large and important church
Aqueduct = A pipe of channel built to carry water between distant place
Scribe = A person trained to write or copy documents by hand
Proverb = A popular saying that is meant to express something wise
Philosophy = The study of wisdom, knowledge and the nature of reality
Natural law = Belife that everyone has rights
2. What contributions did the Roman Empire make in the following areas: art, architecture and engineering, and language and writing?
Art:
-blown glass
-cameos
-decorated bottle
-frescoes
-jewelry
-metal work
-mosaics
-mural
Architecture & Engineering:
-aqueduct
-arch
-bridge
-cathedral
-dome
-road
-stadium builder
-vault
Roman Numerous:
1 = I
5 = V
10 = X
100 = C
1000 = M
3. Most large cities in medieval Europe were located near what?
They were located the rivers or oceans.
Key Terms:
C.E. = Common Era
B.C.E. = Before Common Era
Constantine = Capital of Roman Empire
Mural = A painting on a wall
Mosaic = A picture made up of small pieces
Vault = An arched structure used to hold up a ceiling or a roof
Dome = A roof shaped like a half-circle or hemisphere
Cathedral = A large and important church
Aqueduct = A pipe of channel built to carry water between distant place
Scribe = A person trained to write or copy documents by hand
Proverb = A popular saying that is meant to express something wise
Philosophy = The study of wisdom, knowledge and the nature of reality
Natural law = Belife that everyone has rights
Consult your Reading Notes and Map and answer the following questions:
1. What problems contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire?
-Barbarian Invasions
-Decline in Morals & Values
-Environmental & Public Health Problems
-Excessive Military Spending to Defend the Empire
-Interior Technology
-Political Corruption
-Rise in Christianity
-Unemployment
-Urban Decay
2. What contributions did the Roman Empire make in the following areas: art, architecture and engineering, and language and writing?
Art:
-blown glass
-cameos
-decorated bottle
-frescoes
-jewelry
-metal work
-mosaics
-mural
Architecture & Engineering:
-aqueduct
-arch
-bridge
-cathedral
-dome
-road
-stadium builder
-vault
Roman Numerous:
1 = I
5 = V
10 = X
100 = C
1000 = M
3. Most large cities in medieval Europe were located near what?
They were located the rivers or oceans.
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